4) There is & There are (Verbo haber)

Las construcciones there is y there are se usan para hablar sobre la existencia de lago; para expresar que HAY algo en algun lugar.

There is y there are son usados para hablar en el presente: There is a pen on the desk (hay una lapicera en el escritorio).

Si se quiere expresar algo del pasado se usa there was y there were: There was a pen on the desk (había una lapicera en el escritorio).

Estas estructuras están formadas por la palabra there y por cualquiera de las formas del verbo to be excepto am. De este modo, para formar el negativo y el interrogativo el procedimiento es el mismo que con el verbo to be:
There is not a pen on the desk
Is there a pen on the desk?

Some, any y a/an

SOME cuando se usa con there be significa algo de o algunos/as y se usa SOLAMENTE en oraciones afirmativas:
There's some food in the fridge (Hay algo de comida en la heladera)
There are some photos in the box (Hay algunas fotos en la caja)

ANY cuando se usa con there be significa algo de, nada o ninguno/a y se usa solo en oraciones interrogativas y negativas.
Is there any food in the fridge? (¿Hay algo de comida en la heladera?).
There isn't any food in the fridge (No hay nada de comida en la heladera).
There aren't any photos in the box (No hay ninguna foto en la caja).

A/AN significa un/una. A se usa cuando precede a una consonante: There's a book (Hay un libro) y AN cuando precede a una vocal: There's an orange (Hay una naranja)

Ejercicios

Colocar la forma correcta del verbo to be después de there y elegir la alternativa apropiada.
1) ............... same/any/a/an carpets on the floor.
2) ............... same/any/a/an window on the right.
3) ............... same/any/a/an chairs around the table.
4) ............... same/any/a/an children in the classroom.
5) ............... same/any/a/an bike near the play corner.
6) ............... same/any/a/an easel next to the sand tray.
7) ............... same/any/a/an books on the shelf.
8) ............... same/any/a/an water in the water tray.
9) ............... same/any/a/an crayons near the window.
10) ............... same/any/a/an 5 red cushions on the floor.
11) ............... same/any/a/an painting on the easel.
12) ............... same/any/a/an big window in the play corner.
13) ............... same/any/a/an toys on the table.

There is? There are? Is there? Are there?
14) ............... a pencil.
15) ............... a dozen cars.
16) ............... not an apple.
17) ............... a pen?
18) ............... milk.
19) ............... not time.
20) ............... sugar?
21) ............... two cars.
22) ............... many people?
23) ............... many cars in the street.
24) ............... a picture on the wall.
25) ............... many trees in the forest.
26) ............... a cat under the table.
27) ............... seven apples in the fridge.
28) ............... a dog in the house.
29) ............... a monkey on the tree.
30) ............... many rooms in my house.
31) ............... many girls in your class?
32) ............... not any butter in te fridge.
33) ............... a police-station near the hospital?
34) ............... not any milk in the bottle.
35) ............... any bananas in the basket?
36) ............... not any coffee in the cup.
37) ............... trees in the park?

Responder con la forma de there apropiada
38) Are there any shirts in Kim's room? -> Yes, ............... shirts in Kim's room.
39) Is there a glass of water in Kim's room? -> No, ................
40) Are there any skirts in Kim's room? -> Yes, ............... skirts in Kim's room.
41) Are there any plates in Rita's kitchen? -> Yes, ............... plates in Rita's kitchen.
42) Are there any forks in Rita's kitchen? -> No, ............... any forks in Rita's kitchen.
43) Are there any dolls in Kim's room? -> Yes, ............... dolls in Kim's room.
44) Are there any cups of tea in Rita's kitchen? -> Yes, ............... cups of tea on Rita's kitchen.
45) Is there a TV in Kim's room? -> No, ............... one in Kim's room..
46) Is there a glass of milk in Kim's room? -> Yes, ............... a glass of milk in Kim's room.
47)  Are there any cupboards in Rita's kitchen? -> Yes, ............... cupboards in Rita's kitchen.